It causes inflammation which can cause symptoms like diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. It was a rough night and barely slept. All bowel cleansing agents have the potential to cause kidney failure because of diarrhea and changes in electrolytes. TRICARE covers most prescription drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Day-Before Dosage Regimen (Alternative Method) The Day-Before regimen is the alternative dosing method for patients for whom the Split-Dosing is inappropriate. // Drink another bottle of CLENPIQ® AND 4 cups (32 oz) or more of water. CLENPIQ ® is a combination of sodium picosulfate, a stimulant laxative, and magnesium oxide and anhydrous citric acid, which form magnesium citrate, an osmotic. colonoscopy. We get a lot of questions from celiac community members wondering if certain products are gluten-free. Reviews for Clenpiq Updated on August 30, 2023. Bowel movements will begin 30 minutesprepopik (magnesium oxide, sodium picosulfate , citric acid - other name: clenpiq) Alternative names. You will need two doses of this medicine. m. Clobex lotion, shampoo, and spray . Ended up in hospital for a few days and never had the colonoscopy. journals. They are available with a prescription from your doctor. By name. Clenpiq is a combination drug product with the active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API. The "Split-Dose". bottle of Clenpiq. Pick up your CLENPIQ™ materials from your pharmacy. The selling, purchasing, trading, or counterfeiting of this card is prohibited by law. 5; 10 g/160mL; g/160mL; mg/160mL including product information, packaging information, pricing, prescribing information and package photos. FREE – $175. Alternatives for nonpreferred and nonformulary (not covered) drugs. 3 Day-Before Dosage Regimen (Alternative Method) The Day-Before regimen is the alternative dosing method for patients for whom the Split-Dosing is inappropriate. Some people find the pills easier to take than the. It does not need to be diluted prior to administration. com. 4 ounces. have to drink the next in 3 hours. 42–51 . Watch a short video about preparing for a colonoscopy. Instruct patients to consume only clear liquids (no solid food or dairy) on the day before the colonoscopy up until 2. clenpiq kind of tasted like a bubble gum soda syrup. com (Opens new window)Changing how the world understands and treats cancer. The table idea is fantastic too. The alternative is the "Day Before" method. CLENPIQ is available in lemon flavor, which is designed to make the medication more palatable and easier to drink. Comprehensive information for you or a loved one — including treatment options and discounts on popular medications. puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue. nuts. “We work closely with a patient. My mom is taking Clenpiq to do her colonoscopy today. CLENPIQ is ready for you to drink right from the bottle. The solution is drunk in two doses – one the evening before the procedure and one the morning of the procedure. It is a prescription medication that healthcare professionals rely on to cleanse the colon before procedures like colonoscopy. You are encouraged to continue to drink clear liquids until starting the remainder of the prep in the morning. — it’s most commonly used to manage blood sugar levels in people with Type 2 diabetes. It is a combination of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and anhydrous citric acid that works together to trigger bowel movements and empty the colon. One bottle of CLENPIQ is equivalent to one dose. This is optional – get free GoodRx coupons and medication prices. CLENPIQ CLENPIQ is another solution-based regimen including sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid. $153. Clenpiq Generic Name: sodium picosulfate oral solution Brand Name: Clenpiq Drug Class: Bowel Preps, Laxatives, Stimulant Reviewed by Medsayfa. Additional fluids must be consumed after every dose of Clenpiq in both dosing regimens. 5556 before 5 p. You can expect to save of up to 80% off standard retail pricing. The exact way that Clenpiq works to treat ADHD is not. CLENPIQ: This solution includes sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. That amount is to be completed in 60 minutes. After your deductible has been satisfied, you will enter the Post-Deductible (also called Initial Coverage) stage, where you pay your copay and your plan covers the rest of the drug cost. Unknown: No interaction information available. Created with Sketch. Bowel Evacuants OSMOPREP peg-electrolyte solution, CLENPIQ, SUPREP Corticosteroids (Rectal Formulations) CORTIFOAM hydrocortisone enema, UCERIS FOAM. The discount varies depending on what type and brand of drug (generic or brand-name) you are purchasing. 3 . It works by increasing the amount of water your intestine absorbs, which softens the stool. medication alternatives —e medication pricing Compar and options. Official answer. CLENPIQ is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment. 22, which is 16% off the average retail price of $190. Following the CLENPIQ dose, drink four or more 8-ounce cups (cup provided) of clear liquids up to 2 hours before the colonoscopy. Clenpiq has an average rating of 5. 2 HOURS PRIOR to your check in timeDrug monographs for clenpiq provide an overview of the drug product, therapeutic uses, key development issues, regulatory information on ScriptSave WellRx. Save more on your first fill of peg 3350 and electrolytes with GoodRx Gold. CLENPIQ is contraindicated in the following conditions: Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less. DO NOT CONSUME ANY ALCOHOL, JUICE PULP, MILK, CREAM, SOY OR NON-DAIRY CREAMER, OR. Manufacturers advised caution with use of Suprep, Clenpiq and Prepopik in patients with kidney disease. Prices Medicare Drug Info Side Effects Images SODIUM PICOSULFATE; MAGNESIUM OXIDE ; ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACID cleans the bowel out before a medical procedure. Patients randomized to sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and anhydrous citric acid had two options for dosing, as determined by the investigator. Four hours before your colonoscopy on the day of your procedure: Drink one bottle of CLENPIQ, then drink one cup (8-ounces each) of clear liquid, every 15 minutes for at least four cups. Take over-The-Counter Anti-emetic or anti Nausea Medication if. Clenpiq is a combination medicine that causes diarrhea for the purpose of cleaning your colon before a colonoscopy. The alternative is the "Day Before" method. “The biggest drawbacks to these alternative solutions are cost and potential side effects,” says Dr. Order Clenpiq Online | Pharmapassport. Your driver will need to be 18. See pharmacy forms. Compare prices and print coupons for Moviprep (Peg 3350 and Electrolytes) and other drugs at CVS, Walgreens, and other pharmacies. The addition of oral simethicone to the bowel preparation regimen before colonoscopy is more practical and more convenient than on-demand simethicone spraying due to time savings and prompt,. U. Reply. This formulary outlines the most commonly prescribed medications covered under your plan’s prescription drug benefits. stomach pain and tenderness. Your health plan’s formulary is divided into tiers based on the type of drug. com. 8 oz LOS LÍQUIDOS NO DEBEN SER ROJOS NI PÚRPURAS. During the test, a colonoscope, which is a long, flexible instrument that has a light and a camera at the tip, will be passed through the rectum and around the colon. Salix Product Information Call Center. Two days before your exam, you’ll. Unlike traditional laxatives that require multiple doses and may cause. Excluded Drugs and Alternatives . Based upon three medical consensuses, NaP solution is suggested to be an alternative bowel preparation with equal potency to PEG solution. The preferred method is the “Split-Dose” method. Mix all of the PEG 3350 with lukewarm water and refrigerate. Started to work within an hour. CLENPIQ is supplied as two bottles in each carton. Starting at 5. retail. If you use the suprep, mix it with crystal light lemonade, it makes the taste and smell way better! Thanks for the input!CLENPIQ Interactions: Other laxatives, alcohol, red- or purple-colored drink: not recommended. Suprep Bowel Prep Kit (magnesium sulfate / potassium sulfate / sodium sulfate) MiraLAX (polyethylene glycol 3350) Polyethylene glycol 3350. Clenpiq Rx from your pharmacy- Four (4) bottles Optional: Three (3) bottles (16 oz. The prep started to work before I finished the 32 oz of water. Do not refrigerate or freeze CLENPIQ. May 7, 2018. 1)]. Drank the recommended water after. Copay Range. Clenpiq is a prescription medication used to empty the colon in adults before a colonoscopy. Drink all of this medicine straight from the bottle. Common Drugs Not Covered and Their Covered Alternatives About this list: This is a list of the most common single‐source brand (drugs that do not have a generic equivalent or exact copy) and generic drugs that will not be covered. 5g/12g 8oz 음료는 붉은색이나 보라색이어서는 안 됩니다. com. 0 out of 10 from a total of 333 ratings on Drugs. The solution is drunk in two doses – one the evening before the procedure and one the morning of the procedure. use alternative or give oral potassium phosphate at least 2h before or 6h after magnesium citrate: combo may decr. QTY 350 • 10-3. whole kernel corn. As a guide, Clenpiq oral solution (12 g-3. 64% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 24% reported a negative effect. CLENPIQ SOL PLENVU SOL SUTAB SUPREP : Fluoride : Oral fluoride covered for children ages 6 months through 5 years without fluoride in their water source. Important Safety Information. Between 10 p. CLENPIQ ® oral solution is indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults and pediatric patients ages 9 years and older. Osmotic laxatives are commonly used before procedures to clear out the colon. You can contact them at 503-648-6656 and should call ahead to make arrangements. 49 for the most common version, by using a GoodRx coupon. Try a simple slow-deep breathing exercise. • Consume only clear liquids (no solid food) from the start of CLENPIQ treatment until after the colonoscopy. The present invention provides a physically and chemically stable pharmaceutical liquid composition including sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, citric acid and malic acid and methods of making and using such a composition. Learn more. Plenvu has an average rating of 4. . You may continue to drink clear liquids up to 3 hours before your exam. CLENPIQ is contraindicated in the following conditions: patients with severe reduced renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30mL/minute), gastrointestinal. al. Please bring a list of all your current medications, including any over-the-counter medications with you. 5 g-10 mg/160 mL) will typically cost around $180 for 320 milliliters. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas, a Division of Health Care Service Corporation, a Mutual Legal Reserve Company,. In October 2019, the CLENPIQ® label was revised to remove this. Allergen Immunotherapy PALFORZIA No alternatives recommended Cushing's Agents ISTURISA SIGNIFOR Hereditary Angioedema BERINERT RUCONEST Immune Globulins. 4 g, flavoring ingredients 2 g. See how you can get support. An 8oz cup. The "Split-Dose" regimen was the preferred method and the "Day-Before" regimen was the alternative method if the "Split-Dose". These work by stimulating colon movement. The generic name of Clenpiq is sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and anhydrous citric acid. Additional fluids must be consumed after every dose of Clenpiq in both dosing regimens. Way less than the 1st dose, which kept me going for a few hours and then waking up in the night. Two doses of CLENPIQ are required for a complete preparation for colonoscopy as a Split-Dose regimen. CLENPIQ is ready to drink. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after initiation of the study and was combined with the Prepopik® group. However, they don’t replace the many cups of clear liquids you must also drink before a colonoscopy. Clenpiq Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. The drug list is. Why put people through this unecessarily? Read More. The formulary is also known as the Prescription Drug List (PDL). 8 average score (Page 2). I don’t mind the prep too much but last. On the day before the procedure, you can eat as you normally would until noon. Compare a few possible alternatives below. Both MoviPrep and Plenvu are polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350)-based prescription osmotic laxatives used by adults. However, this timeframe may vary depending on a variety of factors, such as your age, weight, and overall health. Each bottle is administered as 16 ounces of diluted Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution with an additional 1 quart of water taken orally. Some people who have used the product have described Clenpiq’s taste as being similar to cranberry juice mixed with salt. of Texas. It’s a good idea to opt for mocktails instead of cocktails when taking this medication as alcohol does not mix well with gabapentin. A person with UC may wish to. Certain diabetes medications — glyburide (Glynase, Diabeta) and glimepiride (Amaryl), for example. If you cannot do the Split-Dose method, you can take CLENPIQ using the Day-Before method. LAXATIVE PREP INSTRUCTIONS. Drink ONE (1) 6-ounce bottle of CLENPIQ straight from the bottle. clenpiq preparation for colonoscopy name date arrival time physician location do not take phentermine for 7 days before your procedure do not take iron for 5 days prior to your procedure if you take aspirin daily, do not stop it before your procedure do not smoke on the day of your procedure, including smoking tobacco, electronic cigarettes, marijuana,. At CareMount Medical, the Department of Gastroenterology collectively. It is better (preferred) to use the Split-Dose method. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Plenvu (polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium ascorbate, sodium sulfate, ascorbic acid, sodium chloride and potassium chloride for oral. 1 . Stop all NSAIDS including: Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), Naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) Mobic and similar medications. Our goals are to provide you with safe, high-quality prescription drug therapies and keep your medical costs low. I kept thinking there's got to be a better way!! Sooo glad it's over and I did get a good report on my colonoscopy. When ordering Clenpiq be sure to choose a reputable online pharmacy that you trust. On the day before taking Clenpiq I made sure that I started to be well hydrated drinking lemonade chicken broth beef broth or any other liquid preparing my body for the 5 pm prep to start and then took a small dose of Clenpiq followed by 8 oz glass of liquid and continued until finished the 1 st bottle every half hr. dehydration or dizziness. To use Clenpiq®: Clenpiq® is ready to drink and is equal to one dose. Polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG), an osmotic laxative that cleanses out your bowels by pulling water into your colon and causing you to have very watery diarrhea to get rid of the stools. GoodRx has partnered with Inside RX and Braintree Laboratories to reduce the price for this prescription. Report this post Created with Sketch. Additional fluids must be consumed after every dose of Clenpiq in both dosing regimens. There are 644 drugs known to interact with Clenpiq (citric acid/magnesium oxide/sodium picosulfate), along with 8 disease interactions, and 1 alcohol/food interaction. trouble breathing or swallowing. Metformin is one of the most popular medications in the U. SUPPLIED IN TWO 5. Flecks of stool are OK. Clenpiq Prices, Coupons and Patient Assistance Programs. clobetasol foams, liquids, lotions, shampoos, and sprays . 288 reviews submitted with a 5. Getting Started. Cleaning your colon helps your healthcare provider see the inside of your colon more clearly during. Alternative Agents & Management Oral magnesium citrate is commonly used as a component of bowel preparations prior to colonoscopy and as a laxative. Open Singup. It is the first colonoscopy prep tablet introduced in the US in the past ten years. Thanks for reading. Any of these bowel cleansing agents can be used alone or in conjunction with over the. Sutab is less likely than sodium phosphate tablets (OsmoPrep) to cause. If someone does not have a bowel movement after consuming all of the prep drink and taking other. Two doses of CLENPIQ are required for a complete preparation for colonoscopy as a Split-Dose regimen. Clenpiq (prescription mailed electronically to your pharmacy), (if problems with insurance contact our office for possible alternative preparation. Managed to drink the bottle at 5 pm (took 30 min to get it down). It is a single product containing 3 medications: sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and anhydrous citric acid. Reviews for Clenpiq Procedure Day. 26 est. Gather your prescription drugs. Clenpiq Interactions. The most common side effects of Clenpiq in adults include: nausea. • Do not take oral medications within one hour of starting CLENPIQ. Introduction. 47% of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 40% reported a negative experience. Do not refrigerate or freeze CLENPIQ. The selling, purchasing, trading, or counterfeiting of this card is prohibited by law. • Following the CLENPIQ dose, drink at least three 8-ounce cups (cup provided) of clear liquids (24 ounces) at least 2 hours before the colonoscopy. One bottle of CLENPIQ is equivalent to one dose. $ 171. , at. CLENPIQ is ready to drink. Colonoscopy is associated with a reduced risk of developing colon cancer by identifying and removing colon polyps that can grow over time. Capsulized Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Induces Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by Gut Microbial Colonization and Metabolite Regulation (Apr 2023, n=22, multi-donor) "FMT induced clinical remission and clinical response in 57. Clenpiq is a combination of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid. A doctor may also recommend that people stop. red meat. CLENPIQ ® is a combination of sodium picosulfate, a stimulant laxative, and magnesium oxide and anhydrous citric acid, which form magnesium citrate, an osmotic laxative, indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults and pediatric patients ages 9 years and older. 1 Important Administration Instructions • Correct fluid and electrolyte abnormalities before administration of CLENPIQ [see Warnings and Precautions (5. It detects cancer at early, more curable stages. 4 oz. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. // As you finish your prep, your stools should be clear/yellow and watery in appearance. Reviews and ratings for Clenpiq. Clenpiq is a combination drug product with the active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API. It does not need to be diluted prior to administration. Whisk again, then cover and let sit until cool. Instruct patients toMarketing Orgs. After taking Clenpiq, it typically takes about 30 minutes to 1 hour for the medication to start working. You may need to stop these medications 5 days prior to your procedure. Plenvu has an average rating of 4. Satisfaction. as alternative sedatives may be required. pinpoint red or purple spots on the skin. Common alternatives to Clenpiq include antacids, like Tums, which neutralize the acid in the stomach and are good for quick relief of temporary heartburn. If you must reschedule or cancel your appointment, please call +1 (203) 237-2477 . Prescribed for Bowel Preparation. Take the first dose (1 bottle) of CLENPIQ during the evening before the colonoscopy (e. First of all, Quality Prescription Drugs strives to provide a generic alternative for each brand Clenpiq in order to provide additional savings to Americans. It contains the same active ingredients as Clenpiq but is available in powder form. difluprednate doryx 80mg tab doryx mpc gelnique/pump . Colon cancer runs in my family and they found a total of 11. It usually takes about 30-60 minutes after drinking the solution to begin having bowel movements. As part of this study, use of adjunctive measures, such as bisacodyl, was not systematically collected in order to reduce the documentation burden on the pre-procedure nurses and to minimize the impact. Ended up in hospital for a few days and never had the colonoscopy. (2. When do Clenpiq patents expire, and what generic alternatives are available? Clenpiq is a drug marketed by Ferring Pharms Inc and is included in one NDA. It does not need to be mixed or diluted. 2024 National Preferred Formulary Exclusions - Express ScriptsCLENPIQ is a prescription medicine that cleans your colon. What CLENPIQ does is eliminate the need for drinking the large volume of more traditional bowel prep drinks that are hard for many people to consume without experiencing nausea, vomiting, or other problems. 8-OZ, READY-TO-DRINK BOTTLES1§. Baloxavir may bind to polyvalent cations resulting in decreased absorption. This helps to reduce nausea and vomiting. I was told to start at 6pm, but I. Begin drinking PEG 3350 at 6:00 p. Colon cleansing can also be done for detoxification. Within the next two hours: Drink at least five 8-ounce glasses of clear liquids. Check our savings tips for co-pay cards, assistance programs, and other ways to reduce your cost. View detailed information regarding this drug interaction. CLENPIQ . PEG ( polyethylene glycol) with electrolyte is used to clean out the intestines before certain bowel exam procedures such as colonoscopy or barium enema X-rays. It is a clear solution with possible presence of visible particles and it does not need to be diluted prior to administration. If you’re having trouble with severe discomfort, consult your healthcare provider for alternative solutions. How to take it: Two 12-ounce doses, each followed by a quart of water. It depends on which coverage stage you are in. After noon, you should only consume clear liquids, including gelatin, 7-Up or Sprite, apple juice, white. trouble swallowing, trouble drinking liquids. Free coupon for discounts on your prescription. GoodRx is not sponsored by or affiliated with any of the third-party brands identified. CLENPIQ TM (sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide and citric acid) pre-mixed oral solution 10 • First dose: administer during afternoon or early evening before the colonoscopy • Second dose: administer 6 hours later during evening before colonoscopy . Clenpiq has an average rating of 5. Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that affects the colon. 243. Beginning at least 5 hours prior to your procedure start time, drink the 2 nd dose of Clenpiq right from the bottle . - Alternative drugs to Clenpiq - 457 Clenpiq side effects and drug interactions Phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the. Clenpiq is a ready to drink, pre-mixed oral solution for cleasing the colon, which does not require reconstitution prior to ingestion. Alcohol. i was expecting more "evacuation". PEG 3350-KCL-NACL-NA-SULFATE-NA ASCORBATE-C FOR SOLN 100 GM (GENERIC MOVIPREP), SUPREP BOWEL PREP KIT, TRILYTE, GAVILYTE-H KIT, GAVILYTE-G,. Mixing it with a flavored drink can enhance the taste of Clenpiq. com. The Miralax can be mixed into Gatorade or another clear liquid to make the solution tastier. Patients with certain medical conditions, such as. MiraLAX has an average rating of 7. 1) •Two doses of CLENPIQ are required for a complete preparation for colonoscopy as a Split -Dose regimen. Clenpiq User Reviews & Ratings. (2. Try it now to understand your coverage options. Prep pills are easier to take than some. “Several preps, including the new tablet Sutab®, may cause potential electrolyte complications that preclude some patients from using these formulas. An option that can be purchased without a prescription is Miralax liquid and Dulcolax tablets, often taken together. CONTACT: +1-866-732-0305Option 3. It is a dual-acting, combination of sodium picosulfate, a stimulant laxative, and magnesium oxide and anhydrous citric acid, which forms magnesium citrate, an osmotic laxative indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults. CLENPIQ ® is a combination of sodium picosulfate, a stimulant laxative, and magnesium oxide and anhydrous citric acid, which form magnesium citrate, an osmotic laxative, indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults and pediatric patients ages 9 years and older. Plenvu has an average rating of 4. A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between Clenpiq and lisinopril. It is used to clean out the bowel before a colonoscopy. Clenpiq has an average rating of 5. (2. Which is really a relief because I have a family history of malignant colon cancer in my family. What Drugs,. 49 for the most common version, by using a GoodRx coupon. Post-Donut Hole. CLENPIQ is contraindicated in the following conditions: patients with severe reduced renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30mL/minute), gastrointestinal obstruction or ileus, bowel perforation, toxic colitis or toxic megacolon, gastric retention, or in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in CLENPIQ. Then, select the offer you want and present it to the pharmacist when you fill your prescription to get that. CLENPIQ ® oral solution is indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults and pediatric patients ages 9 years and older. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan. seizures. What are alternatives to Clenpiq? There are other medication options available for colon cleansing preparations, such as: OsmoPrep; Visicol; Suprep;Drug: Clenpiq. 1) Additional fluids must be consumed after every dose of CLENPIQ in both dosing regimens. Unknown: No interaction. Generic name: citric acid, magnesium oxide, and sodium picosulfate [ SIT-rik-AS-id, mag-NEE-zee-um-OX-ide, and-SOE-dee-um-PEE-koe-SUL-fate ] Drug class:. CLENPIQ is contraindicated in the following conditions: patients with severe reduced renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than. Medically Reviewed. Hookey L, et al. Deductible. 72 g, sodium chloride 11. Add to Medicine Chest. Common alternatives to Clenpiq include antacids, like Tums, which neutralize the acid in the stomach and are good for quick relief of temporary heartburn. Suprep Bowel Prep Kit Alternatives Compared. com is the first choice when searching for safe and affordable. A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into your rectum to examine the inside of your colon. Citric acid, magnesium oxide, and sodium picosulfate combination is used to cleanse the colon (bowel) in preparation for a procedure called colonoscopy. proposed label included an alternative “Day-Before Dosage Regimen. • Do not drink alcohol. 2) Gas Tablets: Four over -the-counter tablets (Simethicone, Gas-X, Mylanta Gas), extra-strength, if possible: not red in color. When the search box appears, type the name of your drug.